1、 Preparation work before operation
1. Equipment inspection
Firstly, it is necessary to inspect the appearance of the CNC bending machine and check for any obvious damage to its various components, such as cracks in the machine bed and damage to the bending mold. Check if the protective devices are intact, including safety light curtains, guardrails, etc. The safety light curtain can detect whether the operator's limbs have entered the dangerous area, while the protective fence is used to prevent personnel from accidentally coming into contact with the moving parts of the machine.
Check the electrical system to see if the wires are damaged and if the plugs are securely plugged in. Also, check if all buttons and indicator lights on the control panel are working properly, such as the power indicator light, emergency stop button, etc. At the same time, confirm whether the screen of the CNC system can display and operate normally, and check whether the parameters in the CNC system are correct, such as the stroke parameters of the coordinate axis.
Check the hydraulic system to see if the hydraulic oil level is within the normal range. Insufficient hydraulic oil may lead to insufficient bending pressure or unstable machine operation. Check if there is any leakage in the hydraulic pipeline. If oil stains are found around the pipeline, they should be dealt with in a timely manner, as hydraulic oil leakage not only affects machine performance but may also cause safety accidents.
Check the lubrication system to ensure that there is sufficient lubricating oil at each lubrication point. Good lubrication can reduce wear between machine components and extend the service life of the machine. For example, the moving parts such as the slider guide rail of the bending machine need to be lubricated regularly.
2. Preparation of tools and materials
Select the appropriate bending mold according to the requirements of bending processing. The selection of molds should consider factors such as the material, thickness, and bending angle of the workpiece. For example, for thicker steel plates, higher strength molds are required; For different bending angle requirements, it is necessary to choose molds with corresponding angles.
Prepare the materials to be processed, and the surface of the materials should be smooth, without obvious scratches or deformations. Cut the material according to the processing plan to ensure that the material size meets the requirements. At the same time, prepare measuring tools such as calipers, angle gauges, etc. for measuring the workpiece during the machining process.
Wear personal protective equipment, including helmets, protective gloves, and goggles. A safety helmet can prevent accidental injuries to the head, protective gloves can protect the hands from sharp scratches, and goggles can prevent metal debris from splashing into the eyes during bending.
2、 Key points during the operation process
1. Program input and parameter settings
According to the bending requirements of the workpiece, input the machining program into the CNC system. This can be manually programmed or imported using programs generated by CAD/CAM software. When programming, it is necessary to accurately set parameters such as bending sequence, bending angle, bending length, etc. For example, if you want to process a box with multiple bent edges, you need to set the bending operations for each edge in the correct order.
Set the bending speed. The bending speed should be determined based on the properties and thickness of the material. Generally speaking, thicker materials should be bent at a slower speed to avoid damage to the mold or a decrease in the surface quality of the workpiece. At the same time, set the appropriate bending pressure. Insufficient pressure may result in inaccurate bending angles, while excessive pressure may damage the mold and workpiece.
2. Workpiece positioning and clamping
Place the workpiece to be processed on the bending machine workbench and use positioning devices (such as positioning pins, stoppers, etc.) to accurately locate the workpiece. Positioning accuracy is crucial for ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. For example, for mass-produced workpieces, precise positioning can ensure that the bending position of each workpiece is the same.
Use appropriate clamping methods to clamp the workpiece onto the workbench. The clamping force should be moderate, ensuring that the workpiece does not move during the bending process and does not deform due to excessive clamping force. Some CNC bending machines are equipped with automatic clamping devices, which can control the clamping force through the CNC system.
3. Bending operation and monitoring
Before starting the bending operation, confirm the program parameters, workpiece positioning, and clamping situation again. After starting the bending machine, closely observe the operation of the machine, including the movement of the slider, the contact between the mold and the workpiece, etc. If any abnormal situation is found, such as the machine making abnormal sounds or the slider not moving smoothly, the operation should be stopped immediately.
During the bending process, the monitoring function of the CNC system allows for real-time monitoring of changes in parameters such as bending angle and bending pressure. Some high-end CNC bending machines are also equipped with online detection devices, which can automatically detect whether the size and angle of the bent workpiece meet the requirements. If there is a deviation in the bending angle of the workpiece, the parameters can be adjusted in a timely manner for correction.
3、 Key points of work after operation
1. Quality inspection of workpieces
After the bending operation is completed, use measuring tools to check the dimensions, angles, etc. of the workpiece. For workpieces that do not meet the requirements, the reasons should be analyzed, such as whether it is an error in program parameter settings, mold wear, or a problem with the material itself. If a small number of workpieces do not meet the requirements, manual correction can be carried out; If it is a batch problem, the processing technology needs to be adjusted.
Check the surface quality of the workpiece for scratches, indentations, or deformations. Surface quality is very important for some workpieces with high appearance requirements, such as home appliance casings and other products.
2. Equipment cleaning and maintenance
Clean up metal debris and oil stains on the workbench. Metal debris can be cleaned with a brush, while oil stains can be wiped with a clean cloth. At the same time, clean the bending mold, remove the attachments on the surface of the mold, and check whether the mold is worn. If the mold is severely worn, it needs to be replaced or repaired in a timely manner to ensure the quality of the next processing.
Return the various components of the device to their original positions, such as the slider returning to its initial position and the clamping device releasing. Perform daily maintenance on the CNC bending machine, such as checking the condition of hydraulic oil and lubricating oil, and supplementing insufficient oil; Check for any abnormal conditions in the electrical system and mechanical components, and keep records of equipment operation, including the processing status, problems encountered, and maintenance measures, for future reference and analysis.
